wall -- kabe floor -- yuka or furoaa window -- mado door --doa shelf -- tana table -- teeburu heated table with a cover over it to keep the legs warm -- kotatsu chair -- isu heater -- hiitaa or sutoobu desk -- tsukue drawer -- hikidashi picture/drawing -- e telephone -- denwa video -- bideo television -- terebi radio -- rajio clock, watch -- tokei umbrella -- kasa plate -- (o') sara socks --kutsushita letter -- tegami apple -- ringo banana -- banana cat -- neko dog -- inu puppy -- koinu on, above -- ue under -- shita There is a cat here. -- Koko ni neko ga imasu. NOTE: [Place] ni [person/animal] ga (or: wa=topic marker) imasu. Use "imasu" to express the existence of animate objects (person/animal/car, bus etc. with driver because it is then capable of self-locomotion, excluded: trees/flowers. There is a hospital in that city. -- Sono machi ni byouin ga arimasu. NOTE: [Place] ni [thing] ga (or: wa=topic marker) arimasu. Use "arimasu" to express the existence of inanimate objects (including flowers/trees). Where is the cat? -- Neko ga (or:wa) doko ni imasu ka. Where is the book? -- Hon ga (or:wa) doko ni arimasu ka. Mr. Tanaka is over there. -- Asoko ni Tanaka-san ga (or: wa) imasu. Ms. Ono is in front of the elevator. -- Erebeetaa no mae ni Oono-san ga (or: wa) imasu. NOTE: [Location] ni [person/object] ga (or: wa=topic marker) imasu. Where is the phone? (The phone) is on the desk. -- Denwa wa (=topic)/ga doko ni arimasu ka. Denwa wa (or:ga) tsukue no ue ni arimasu (Or: Tsukue no ue desu.). NOTE: [Object] wa (or:ga) [location] ni arimasu. Mr. Smith is at the door. -- Doa no tokoro ni Sumisu-san ga (or: wa) imasu. NOTE: "tokoro" means place (lit.) Do you know where the dictionary is? -- Jisho o (or: wa) shirimasen ka. NOTE: [Item/person] o (or:wa) shirimasen ka. The negative form (=shirimasen) is used to ask in a more indirect way. dictionary -- jisho or jiten English-Japanese dictionary -- eiwa-jiten conference room -- kaigi-shitsu computer -- konpyuutaa know -- shitte imasu NOTE: the form shirimasu is not used / shitte imasu = to know, to be familiar with s.th.; compare with wakarimasu (I') am looking for the dictionary. -- Jisho o (or:wa) sagashite imasu. NOTE: sagashimasu is changed to sagashite imasu with present continuous and past continuous look for -- sagashimasu do not know -- shirimasen Do you know where today's paper is? It's on that table. -- Kyou no shinbun o (or: wa) shirimasen ka. Ano teeburu no ue ni arimasu. (or: Ano teeburu no ue desu.) Probably (he is) in the conference room. -- Tabun kaigi-shitsu deshou. NOTE: "deshou" can be used to indicate probability, even without the use of "tabun"; "tabun" is an adverb, therefore no markers Where is Ms. Ono? She is probably on the fifth floor. -- Oono-san wa doko ni imasu ka. Go-kai deshou. (deshou for probability) Where is the dictionary? It's probably in that cabinet. -- Jisho wa doko ni arimasu ka. Tabun ano kyabinetto no naka deshou. (deshou for probability) X is the second one from the left. -- (X wa) hidari kara ni-ban-me no desu. NOTE: (X wa) [starting point] kara [number]-ban-me no desu. the first one from the top -- ue kara ichi-ban-me no the second one from the bottom -- shita kara ni-ban-me no the third one from the right -- migi kara san-ban-me no the fourth one from the left -- hidari kara yon-ban-me no the fifth one from here/me -- temae kara go-ban-me no It's the second book from the top. -- Ue kara ni-ban-me no hon desu. It's the third one from the bottom. -- Shita kara san-ban-me no desu. I'd like to have the fourth one from the left. -- Hidari kara yon-ban-me no o onegai shimasu. I'd like the one which is the second from the top and the fourth from the left. -- Ue kara ni-ban-me no hidari kara yon-ban-me no o kudasai. the topmost one -- ichi-ban ue no the bottom-most one -- ichi-ban shita no the extreme right one -- ichi-ban migi no the extreme left one -- ichi-ban hidari no the closest one -- ichi-ban temae no the one in back -- ichi-ban oku no It's the loaf on the top. -- Ichi-ban ue no pan desu. I'd like to have the one on the bottom, to the far right. -- Ichi-ban shita no ichi-ban migi no o kudasai. X is the middle one. -- (X wa) manaka no desu. X is the one at the bottom. -- (X wa) ichi-ban shita no desu. NOTE: (X wa) ichi-ban [position] no desu. Excuse me, can you give me two of these, please. -- Sumimasen, kore (o) futatsu kudasai. NOTE: marker "o" cannot be placed after "futatsu"